Hematologic disorders involve the blood and include problems with red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen. Children can experience a variety of disorders, some are genetic while others are acquired.

Hemoglobinopathies are the most common genetic disorders of the blood, affecting millions of people around the world who are born with them. The two most common hemoglobinopathies are thalassemia (alpha and beta thalassemia) and sickle cell disease (SCD).